Merrill’s Arguments in “the Professionalization of...

Merrill’s arguments in â€Å"The Professionalization of Journalism† against professionalizing journalism What is a profession? The Oxford English Dictionary defines professions as that way of life/manner of making a living that involves the application of a specialized knowledge of particular subjects, field, or science to fee-paying clientele. Examples of professions include nursing, architecture, medicine and engineering. Although journalism has some characteristics of a profession, for Merrill it cannot be considered a profession due to the fact that journalists do not have a direct relationship with their clients, there are no entry requirements and they do not follow a prescribed code of ethics or a standard way by which their behavior†¦show more content†¦He further states that the â€Å"attorney’s compliant† in such sample cases of moral dilemmas are not with the client but with the laws of inheritance and the Internal Revenue Code. Wasserstrom says that the role-differentiated behavior of the lawyer often makes it both inappropriate and excessive for the person in a particular role to put to one side, considerations of various moral and social implications and issues must be taken on despite the fact that from the lawyer’s side, in terms of defending the case, they might seem irrelevant. He said if he is wrong about these, there are four things which seem to be true and important: †¢ If accepted, supportive arguments to the role-differentiated amorality of the lawyer can succeed; †¢ For the system to work professionals must have certain character traits; †¢ the verbal role-differentiated behavior of the lawyer raise questions about the lawyer’s integrity, this makes the role-differentiated behavior of lawyers different from that of other professionals; and †¢ how the lawyer thinks and acts forms his person and this may be acceptable to the system. Wasserstrom states that the problem of interpersonal relationship between the client and the lawyer is not a good one, asShow MoreRelatedMerrills Arguments in the Professionalization of Journalism Against Professionalizing Journalism1659 Words   |  7 PagesMerrill’s arguments in â€Å"The Professionalization of Journalism† against professionalizing journalism What is a profession? The Oxford English Dictionary defines professions as that way of life/manner of making a living that involves the application of a specialized knowledge of particular subjects, field, or science to fee-paying clientele. Examples of professions include nursing, architecture, medicine and engineering. Although journalism has some characteristics of a profession, for Merrill

Synopsis Of Recent Session During The Last Session Essay

Synopsis of Recent Session During the last session, AT’s demeanor was more open and relaxed. AT openly discussed her fears about her son. She mentioned that middle-school required much more than any school he had previously attended. AT described how her son’s behavior had begun to change. When stressed, he often made fists and dug his fingernails into the palms of his hands. She also reported that he secluded himself in his room and would sway gently to â€Å"get himself under control†. AT said she was concerned that the new behaviors were signs of oncoming self-abuse. She explained that his behavior reminded her of when she used to cut her leg to relieve emotional pain. Just over one year ago, AT experienced an episode of suicidal ideation and had, on another occasion, attempted to commit suicide by taking pills. Her cutting behaviors occurred just prior to those episodes. She was hospitalized and stated that she was afraid that either she or her son would get hospitalized. AT stated tha t she was afraid her PTSD or post-partem experiences had â€Å"ruined† her son. The remainder of the session included creating a genogram of her mother’s side of the family (see Appendix A). †¢ Her great-grandmother was abandoned by her husband. She raised seven children alone, but was closest to her first-born, AT’s grandmother. AT believes that her great-grandmother has sensory issues. †¢ AT’s grandmother was abandoned and divorced by three husbands. Her fourth husband helped her raise her twoShow MoreRelatedForeclosure Essay1225 Words   |  5 Pagesis how it will work. First you will go to the website www.OwnAhome.com to apply online to a 50 class size program. When you first log in to the website it will first about the reasons for setting up this particular program and give you a detailed synopsis of the program. Once you have read the information, you will ask any set of questions of your choice and we will give you an answer instantly. After you ask all of your questions you will then scroll down and see what this program offers such asRead MoreCreation And Development Of The Program2297 Words   |  10 PagesConcerns†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 Current and New Employees†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 How Each Training Session Will be Conducted†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....5 First Day, Training Session #1†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....6 First Day, Training Session #2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 First Day, Training Session #3†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..8 Second Day, Training Session #1†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..8 Second Day, Training Session #2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..8 Conclusion..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreCost Benefit Analysis Of Spotsylvania County Public Schools1518 Words   |  7 PagesCost Benefit Analysis In recent years, the homeschooled population in Spotsylvania County Public Schools (SCPS) has continued to grow. Due to state regulations, the governing body of the division, the Spotsylvania County School Board (SCSB) developed a policy to address the procedures and protocols necessary to guide homeschooling options in the division: Policy LBD (2015) (See Appendix A). According to L. Binion, Guidance Director for SCPS, currently the division has 1,036 registered and 31 pendingRead MoreBBS22 Marketing Management Study Guide approved8724 Words   |  35 PagesTABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE WELCOME MESSAGE 4 1. INTRODUCTION 5 a. Background details b. Module aims c. Programme goals 2. MODULE OUTLINE 8 a. Module learning outcomes b. Themes and topics c. Learning materials 3. MODULE DELIVERY SCHEDULE 23 a. Session arrangements b. Student engagement c. Office hours arrangements 4. ASSESSMENT DETAILS 27 a. Assignments b. Module assessment components i. Assignment 1 ii. Assignment 2 iii. Examination 5. GRADING 31 a. University grading policy b. 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According to research studies, benzodiazepine-receptor agonists (BzRAs) and cognitiveRead MoreThesis on Print Media16077 Words   |  65 Pages..............10 CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH DESIGN.....................................................................16 LOUISIANA STATE LEGISLATURE.....................................................................................16 LEGISLATIVE SESSION .....................................................................................................16 SAMPLING........................................................................................................................17 ANECDOTAL DATARead MoreFacts About Heroin And How They Influence Social Work ers Essay2232 Words   |  9 Pagesaddiction, versus being arrested for problems related to being an addict. Although some are worried the resources to help the addicts are not being fairly distributed in the communities of minorities like it is in the mostly white communities. Per a recent article, the heroin overdose death rates of whites have increased 267% from 2010 to 2014, with Native Americans being 31% behind them. At the same time, death rates have more than doubled in African Americans and Latinos. Jacqueline Robarge, founderRead MoreInterview With Ms. Carla London1974 Words   |  8 Pagesfollow through. The Educator and the family decide on the time and the meeting place (most setting are outside the home, the library or even McDonalds), for each session a parent or guardian must be present. This requirement is for the safety of all involved.† We then moved to the next set of questions. 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Considered Contemporary Business Organizations - Free Samples

Question: Discuss About The Considered By The Contemporary Business Organizations? Answer: Introduction Employee performance is one of the key criteria to be considered by the contemporary business organizations in order to enhance the organizational productivity. Various organizations are implementing different techniques in order to maintain the effective employee performance (Agnihotri et al. 2012). Adidas is one of the prominent organizations which are using the social media as a tool for enhancing the performance of the employees. In the current scenario, social media is a booming medium which involves a major part of the population. Thus, it will be more effective business strategy to leverage the opportunity being offered by the social media. It helps the organizations to determine the opinions and suggestions from the employees which can improve the efficiency of the organization. This report will discuss about the impact of the social media in determining the employee performance. In addition, various other literatures will be used to determine the effectiveness of the social media in managing the employee performance. Critical analysis will be done to identify the gaps or issues being associated with the social media in the organizational practices. Impact of social media on Adidas Adidas promotes use of social media for their employees. However, they have some stringent rules and regulations which all the employees in the internal organization will have to adhere with. According to the policy of Adidas, employees can share anything about the content of their organization in the social media. However, they should acknowledge the same that the information given by them is as their own responsibility and organization will not held liable. It helps the organization in generating word of mouth and required buzz among the customers through the post of the employees in the social media without having any responsibilities (Aral, Dellarocas and Godes2013). Due to this, they are reaching out to more number of people which is not possible with the traditional media. Another advantage that Adidas is acquiring from this concept is monitoring the expectation and requirement of the employees by checking their activities in the social media. Moreover, the organization can mon itor the recent trend in the market by monitoring the social media activities of their employees and the feedback from the potential customers (Bruhn, Schoenmueller and Schfer2012). Due to implementation of this concept, the rate of employee engagement and performance is more favorable and positive in Adidas. It helps them in maintaining the optimal level of performance among their employees. Critical analysis of application of social media According to Anitha, employee performance is being determined by the level of engagement of the employees in the organization (Anitha 2014). According to her, employee performance can be enhanced with the help of implementing effective working environment in the organization. It will further help the employees in feeling more comfortable in conveying their opinions and suggestions to the higher management. Thus, they will feel more empowered in the organization.According to (Huy and Shipilov2012),communication policies in the organizations are one of the key determinants for the enhancing for the employee performance. According to him,effective communication strategies in the organizationhelp in reducing the gap between the upper and lower managerial levels. In addition, the employees feel more empowered if they can get proper and effective communication channel to convey their opinions to the higher management. Thus, social media offers the effective communication channel that can b e used by the organizations to implement effective communication channel with their employees. According to (Mishra, Boynton and Mishra 2014) social media poses huge opportunities for the business organizations in implementing effective communication process in the internal organization. It helps the employees in sharing their experience regarding their organization in the social media. It helps in generating positive word of mouth. Thus, without any huge investment by the organizations, they will have the access to the increasing buzz around their products in the market. Hence, the brand identity and exposure will get enhanced with the help of implementing social media in the internal organizations. According to (Malthouse2013),employee performance will get further enhanced if they are being given freedom in their workplace. It is being stated in the article that, if the employees are being given enough freedom in their job responsibilities in their workplace then they feel more motivated to work more effectively in the organization. On the other hand, it is being stated that if the employees are being restricted in using any modern day technologies such as social media, then they will feel more monotonous and stubborn to work more effectively in the workplace. Thus, it will in turn reduce the productivity of the organization. According to (Gensler et al. 2013),organizations having implemented effective and proper social media strategies for their internal organization are proved to be successful among their targeted market. This is due to the reason that employees feel more motivated in providing better and more effective service to the customers. Thus, eventually the quality o f the service being provided to the customers will further increased. On the other hand, organizations having restrictions regarding the use of social media by the employees is trailing in terms of customer service. This is due to the reason that, employees do not feel motivated in providing effective customer service to the end customers. Thus, this eventually generates negative word of mouth among the customers. However, there are various other researchers also who are not very much positive about the use of the social media in the internal organization. According to them, social media has various negative implications if they are used in the organizations. According to (Leftheriotis and Giannakos 2014), use of social media in the internal organization will only reduce the productivity of the employees. It is due to the reason that, employees will feel more motivated to be in the social media rather than in their workplace. Thus, the organizational productivity will get reduced. According to him, social media will act as the deviating factor for the employees. It will deviate the concentration of them from their core responsibilities. Thus, social media is of no use in determining the employees performance. According to (Yu, Duan and Cao 2013), use of social media will affect the confidentiality of the organizations. Any type of private information being shared by the employees in the social media will have serious implications on the operations of the organizations. Thus, the privacy of the organizations as well as the all the stakeholders will be negatively affected. According to (Pfeffer, Zorbach and Carley 2014), social media will create negative word of mouth among the potential customers by having the access of some private information. According to him, information being shared by the employees in the social media may have negative implications on the performance of the organizations. Thus, it will in turn reduce the competitiveness of the organizations. Thus, social media should not be used by the employees in their workplace (Shields et al. 2015). The recent trend of social media usage among the employees has increased and few companies have also accepted this practice of the employees both externally and internally. The current popular practice of social media amongst the employees is totally undeniable however, according to (Pfeffer, Zorbach and Carley 2014) there are also issues regarding the technological risks and the productivity of the employees. Within the organizational context, there are several issues with the online social network technology along with the nature of the contents which are posted on social media sites, often represent a dilemma for the employees. There are several organizations which utilizes different policies infused with the defense technologies for managing the internet access within the office premises. On the other hand, (Anitha, 2014) shows that there are many opportunities than the online networking sites presents to the companies even though those should be examined and the organization sho uld inform the employees regarding those. A well informed employee will take care of these kinds of collaboration and communication technology. The employees can be benefitted from such technological impacts as the internet tends to provide a wide place for social communication for them. This also gives confidence to the employees and they tend to interact with people who are from the same field. Such interactions also create a sense of social unity amongst them. These feelings of camaraderie can be gained through such social interactions on social media sites and it also contributes to create a loyal culture within the organization, increase the morale of the employees along with creating a unity sense amongst the employees. Few recent studies have indicated that social media sites generally characterize the general human behavior and it generally fulfills the communication need for people who also share a same interest. There is always exchange of knowledge which also creates a sense of unity amongst them. Adidas has made brilliant usage of the social media to improve their operational efficiency and the statistics show that the usage of social media websites has helped in the growth of the organization (Effing Spil, 2016). It is important that the communication channel within an organization is two ways as it helps in the improvement of the employee engagement and performance. There are lot of companies who have applied this polices and have made success, Adidas is one such company who is using the social media to track the activities of their employees and at the same time helps to understand the needs and wants of the consumers. Adidas has used the social media to increase the employee engagement and has seen positive results in the performance of the employees (GoswamiHa-Brookshire, 2015).It is seen that social media has helped in the increase of the employee engagement in a lot of organizations. The critical analysis of the report shows that there is positive impact of the social media on the performance of the employees and most of the author have mentioned that the usage of the social media is the new of innovation which an organization can use to improve the engagement of both the employees and the consumers. Adidas has been instrumental in making the usage of the social media as the employee performance have increased as they are able to freely communicate with their high-level officials and express their views (Bischoff, 2017). This helps in the overall growth of the employees and also helps them to align their personal goals and objectives with that of the organization. The two-way communication system is one of the effective ways of building a strong workforce and provide motivation to all the employees. The employees are the assets to the organization and better management of the workforce will provide the organization with competitive advantage in the market (Tafess e Wien, 2017). However, there are certain risks involved in two communication system where the privacy of the company may be hampered and Adidas should make sure that their confidentiality is maintained. Conclusion Thus, form the above report it can be conclude that the usage of the social media as a tool to improve employee engagement is one of the most innovative ideas in this modern era and most of the companies are making usage of this opportunity to improve their workforce. The improvement in the employee engagement will ensure improvement in the performance of the employees which will in turn increase the overall operational productivity of the organization. The analysis of the various secondary data from various articles have revealed that it a very common phenomenon in the modern communication system and social is one of the most powerful ways of communication which most of the companies are using as their benefit. The final conclusion that can be drawn from the report that the usage of the social media will help in the increase of the performance of the employees in the organization as it helps in the improvement in the engagement of the employees within the organization. Social media helps in the formation of the two-way communication channel which helps in engagement with both employees and consumers at the same time. Reference Agnihotri, R., Kothandaraman, P., Kashyap, R. and Singh, R., 2012. Bringing social into sales: the impact of salespeoples social media use on service behaviors and value creation. Journal of Personal Selling Sales Management, 32(3), pp.333-348. Anitha, J., 2014. Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on employee performance.International journal of productivity and performance management. Aral, S., Dellarocas, C. and Godes, D., 2013. Introduction to the special issuesocial media and business transformation: a framework for research. Information Systems Research, 24(1), pp.3-13. Bischoff, A. L. (2017). Validating the social media strategies of adidas and Nike on Facebook and Instagram. Bruhn, M., Schoenmueller, V. and Schfer, D.B., 2012. Are social media replacing traditional media in terms of brand equity creation?.Management Research Review, 35(9), pp.770-790. Effing, R., Spil, T. A. (2016). The social strategy cone: Towards a framework for evaluating social media strategies.International journal of information management,36(1), 1-8. Gensler, S., Vlckner, F., Liu-Thompkins, Y. and Wiertz, C., 2013. Managing brands in the social media environment. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 27(4), pp.242-256. Goswami, S., Ha-Brookshire, J. (2015). From compliance to a growth strategy: Exploring historical transformation of corporate sustainability.Journal of Global Responsibility,6(2), 246-261. Huy, Q. Shipilov, A., 2012. The key to social media success within organizations. MIT Sloan Management Review, 54(1), p.73. Leftheriotis, I. Giannakos, M.N., 2014. Using social media for work: Losing your time or improving your work?.Computers in Human Behavior, 31, pp.134-142. Malthouse, E.C., Haenlein, M., Skiera, B., Wege, E. Zhang, M., 2013. Managing customer relationships in the social media era: introducing the social CRM house. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 27(4), pp.270-280. Mishra, K., Boynton, L. Mishra, A., 2014. Driving employee engagement: The expanded role of internal communications. International Journal of Business Communication, 51(2), pp.183-202. Pfeffer, J., Zorbach, T. Carley, K.M., 2014. Understanding online firestorms: Negative word-of-mouth dynamics in social media networks. Journal of Marketing Communications, 20(1-2), pp.117-128. Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., Johns, R., O'Leary, P., Robinson, J. Plimmer, G., 2015. Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press. Tafesse, W., Wien, A. (2017). A framework for categorizing social media posts.Cogent Business Management,4(1), 1284390. Yu, Y., Duan, W. Cao, Q., 2013. The impact of social and conventional media on firm equity value: A sentiment analysis approach. Decision Support Systems, 55(4), pp.919-926.

The Power Of Media In The Digital Age Essays - Media Studies

The Power Of Media In The Digital Age 1923 words - 8 pages The Power of Media in the Digital Age Across from my old high school, where once a pool hall seduced us away from classes, there is now a trendy bar and grill frequented by the recently-graduated. I visited this establishment to reflect upon the nature of media, culture and what it means to be literate in the 21st century. The implications for teachers, libraries and society in general may be daunting, but they hint at excitement, too. There I was, an English major, a man of the book as it were, all ready to cast aspersions left, right and center at these clearly illiterate, shallow young hipsters. Within sight of my old high school library, I was ready to join the crowd of experts and decry the decay of our culture, the inevitable devolution to a monosyllabic, non- print bunch of video heads. This was culture at its lowest brow, with no concept of canonical values or the means to access them. Media shaped these minds and what a mess had been made. Such doom and gloom scenarios are common enough. Fortunately, I paused and took a slightly deeper look at what I was really seeing. The room featured eight television sets, three of them nearly theatre size, with no two featuring the same show. There were a few sporting events, CNN Headline News on one, at least two different music videos, while a number of the sets were broadcasting an interactive trivia game played by patrons on small portable keyboards. Sprinkled throughout the bar were a variety of entertainment newspapers, some magazines and at least one person was reading a book in the relative solitude of a corner. People talked with others around them and interspersed this with cell phone calls. For someone of my generation a place like this tends to be a bit busy on the nerves, yet the more I watched, the more I noted the ease with which the young folks, those supposedly illiterate types, flowed easily from one medium to another, simultaneously tracking and processing countless streams of textual information. They were more aware of what was going on than I was and could clearly tell the scores in the games and the events in the news, as they spoke in clusters of conversation about what the media imparted. What's more to the point is that they were not dealing with text on a superficial level (though much of the content they were dealing with was trivial) but in cognitive terms they did so with far better acuity and retention than I could. So the question was, what had media added and what was lost? This one admittedly unscientific observation serves, I think, as a good allegory for those of us directly involved in sorting through ideas about culture and media literacy in the digital communications age. If one looks upon the scene with the glasses of an older, print-based paradigm, it is easy to see a sad portrait of lost reading skills. On the other hand, if one only for a moment considers the possibility that what one is seeing is in fact new literacies, then there is a whole new series of questions which need to be addressed. If we take as our definition of culture the good old Oxford Canadian Dictionary definition, that is, that culture is "the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively", then clearly new technologies inform and shape culture. Media is thus inseparable from culture, being both a manifestation of human intellect in its own right and, equally, being a means of transmission of other manifestations. Unlike this working definition of culture, literacy offers no quick, culturally-neutral or easy definition and it is on this battlefield that many of our current curricular and pedagogical battles are being fought. What does it mean to be a literate human being in 2002? If it means more than just being able to read and write to a standard set by some governmental department, just how much more? How do media inform or shape our culture? In exploring these questions, it is useful to remember that